The Finite Element Analysis of the Impact of Ferrule Height and Post-Core Materials on Stress Distribution in Incisors

Int Dent J. 2025 Oct;75(5):100918. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.100918. Epub 2025 Jul 19.

Abstract

Objective: Ferrule heights and post-core materials are key factors for post-core restorations, and the interaction between them needs further investigation. This study used finite element analysis to evaluate the stress distribution of post-core models with different materials and varying ferrule heights.

Methods: A 3-dimensional finite element model of the maxillary central incisor was constructed, along with 3 additional groups with different ferrule heights: 2 mm, 1 mm, and 0 mm. Meanwhile, various materials were designed to form the post-core: Zirconia, Titanium, Fiberglass, PEEK, and CFR-PEEK (PEEK reinforced by 30% carbon fiber). A 100 N load was applied at an angle of 45° with the tooth's longitudinal axis on the palatal surface of the crown. The peak von Misses (VM) stress values were recorded.

Results: As the ferrule height increased, a stress reduction was observed at post-core and post-cement interfaces, while the stress in root and cement interfaces increased; meanwhile, the peak VM stress of the post-core decreased among all groups, while that of rigid material groups (Zirconia/Titanium) decreased more significantly; in addition, the peak VM stress at post-core and cement interfaces increased, and that of the 0 mm ferrule PEEK group was the highest.

Conclusion: Ferrule heights and post-core materials affect stress distribution on post-core restorations. A sufficiently large ferrule height can effectively compensate for the stress concentration of highly rigid materials, and PEEK post-core should be carefully used in 0 mm ferrule cases.

Clinical relevance: This study would provide suggestions for dentists to choose appropriate post-core materials according to various ferrule heights.

Keywords: Ferrule height; Finite element analysis; Post-core.

MeSH terms

  • Benzophenones
  • Dental Materials* / chemistry
  • Dental Prosthesis Design
  • Dental Stress Analysis* / methods
  • Finite Element Analysis*
  • Glass
  • Humans
  • Incisor*
  • Ketones
  • Materials Testing
  • Polyethylene Glycols
  • Polymers
  • Post and Core Technique* / instrumentation
  • Stress, Mechanical
  • Titanium
  • Zirconium

Substances

  • Zirconium
  • Dental Materials
  • polyetheretherketone
  • zirconium oxide
  • Polyethylene Glycols
  • Titanium
  • fiberglass
  • Benzophenones
  • Polymers
  • Ketones