Virological Tools Fail to Properly Identify "Unusual" Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes Resistant to Direct-Acting Antiviral Drugs in The Gambia

J Infect Dis. 2026 Jan 17;233(1):216-220. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaf378.

Abstract

We evaluated the ability of the commercial Sentosa SQ Hepatitis C Virus Genotyping Assay to identify the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype subtype in patients from The Gambia. Subtype was determined from the Sentosa-generated NS5B sequences using 3 bioanalytical methods: Sentosa SQ HCV Genotyping Assay bioanalytical tool, Geno2pheno, and the National Reference Center in-house method. The Sentosa assay result agreed with the reference method in only 2 of 13 cases. This study highlights the difficulty of correctly identifying HCV subtypes in a region of Africa with a high diversity of HCV genotype 1 and 2 subtypes that may be resistant to antivirals.

Keywords: antiviral resistance; direct-acting antiviral drugs; hepatitis C virus; unusual subtypes.

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents* / pharmacology
  • Antiviral Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Drug Resistance, Viral* / genetics
  • Gambia
  • Genotype
  • Genotyping Techniques* / methods
  • Hepacivirus* / classification
  • Hepacivirus* / drug effects
  • Hepacivirus* / genetics
  • Hepacivirus* / isolation & purification
  • Hepatitis C* / drug therapy
  • Hepatitis C* / virology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / genetics

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins
  • NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus
  • RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase