Advances in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Treatment

Abstract

In 2025, it is no longer appropriate to view anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) patients with the sense of nihilism and hopelessness characteristic of the approach used in past decades. Early, rapid somatic genomic testing to determine BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) status is critical for the optimal management of ATC. Surgical resection of the primary tumor after neoadjuvant approach, regardless of stage, should be the goal in most patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated ATC to decrease locoregional complications, improve quality of life, and prolong survival. Combination therapy with kinase inhibitors plus immune checkpoint inhibitors is the preferred treatment regimen in patients with metastatic ATC.

Keywords: BRAFV600E; Immunotherapy; Kinase inhibitors; Multimodal therapy; Systemic therapy; Undifferentiated.