Bark Scorpion Envenomation Capture-Recapture Estimate in Maricopa County, Arizona, 2017-2021

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2025 Oct;25(10):624-626. doi: 10.1177/15303667251365618. Epub 2025 Jul 31.

Abstract

Introduction: Bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) envenomations (SE) can cause life-threatening reactions and occur commonly in Arizona. Methods: We described the epidemiology of reported SE in Maricopa County during 2017-2021 using hospital discharge data (HDD) and regional poison center (PC) data. We also estimated actual SE incidence using 2-source capture-recapture methodology. Results: In total, 45,179 SE were reported across both systems. During 2017-2021, Maricopa County hospitals recorded 17,884 unique visits in hospital discharge data. PCs consulted on 30,331 SEs. Capture-recapture calculations estimated 178,625 total SE during the 5-year period. Conclusions: We estimated approximately four times the total SE occurred than were captured in databases. Regional PC data captured ∼60% more SE reports than HDD and provided a secondary data source to enhance our understanding of the incidence of these injuries using capture-recapture methods.

Keywords: capture-recapture; envenomation; poison control center; scorpion.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Arizona / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Poison Control Centers
  • Scorpion Stings* / epidemiology
  • Scorpion Venoms*
  • Scorpions*

Substances

  • Scorpion Venoms