The aim of this study was to assess clinical features, outcomes and survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to associate mutations in cancer-related genes with clinical outcomes. A total of 88 patients with LSCC who underwent curative treatment between April 2008 and May 2024 at Hokuto Hospital (Obihiro, Japan) were included. Mutations in targeted regions of 160 cancer-related genes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). LSCC was of glottic type in 65 patients (74%) and supraglottic type in 23 patients (26%). As initial treatment, laryngomicrosurgery, radiotherapy (RT) alone, RT with transoral administration of S-1, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin, and total laryngectomy were performed in 6 (7%), 48 (55%), 13 (15%), 8 (9%), and 13 (15%) patients, respectively. Of the 88 patients studied, 25 (28%) died of various causes, including LSCC in 6 (7%), carcinoma other than LSCC in 11 (13%), and other causes in 8 (9%). The 5-year survival rates among all 88 patients with LSCC were 78.7% for overall survival (OS), 91.4% for disease-specific survival (DSS), 77.3% for relapse-free survival (RFS) and 67.5% for laryngectomy-free survival (LFS). OS, DSS, RFS and LFS in patients with early stage LSCC were similar to rates reported in other studies. Actionable mutations were detected in 21 (88%) of 24 patients who underwent NGS-based cancer panel testing. TP53 mutations were detected in 18 (75%), KMT2D in 5 (21%), PTEN in 3 (13%) and PIK3CA in 2 (8%) of these 24 patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that PIK3CA mutation was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (P=0.011). Overall, detection of mutations in cancer-related genes could enhance understanding of clinical outcomes in LSCC.
Keywords: PIK3CA mutation; helical tomotherapy; laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma; next-generation sequencing; total laryngectomy.
Copyright: © 2025 Kubota et al.