Infective endocarditis is a pathology that still presents a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Several observational studies and national and international registries showed that patients undergoing invasive cardiovascular procedures (surgical or percutaneous) are at higher risk of developing infective endocarditis, resulting in increased morbidity, length of hospital stay and mortality related to these procedures. The role of antibiotic prophylaxis is therefore crucial in the prevention of postoperative infections. This is accompanied by new emerging strategies in the pre- and postoperative nursing management of patients.