Neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing potentials of herbal remedies: Focus on St. John's wort, green tea, and Ashwagandha

Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2025 Sep-Oct:111:107549. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2025.107549. Epub 2025 Aug 25.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments represent significant global health challenges, necessitating the exploration of alternative and complementary therapeutic options. Herbal remedies, known for their bioactive compounds, have garnered attention for their potential neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects. This review focuses on three widely studied herbal agents, including St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), Green Tea (Camellia sinensis), and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and evaluates their mechanisms in promoting brain health. St. John's Wort has demonstrated potential in alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety, which are often linked to cognitive decline. Green Tea, rich in polyphenols such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has shown promise in improving memory function and providing antioxidant protection against neurotoxicity. Ashwagandha, an adaptogenic herb, is recognized for its neuroprotective properties, including reducing stress-induced cognitive deficits and promoting neuronal regeneration. The neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of these herbs are attributed to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic properties, which collectively may support brain function and mitigate age-related cognitive decline.

Keywords: Ashwagandh: Neuroprotection; Green tea; PhytoNeurotherapeutics; St. John's wort.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Camellia sinensis* / chemistry
  • Cognition* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hypericum* / chemistry
  • Neuroprotective Agents* / pharmacology
  • Neuroprotective Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Nootropic Agents* / pharmacology
  • Plant Extracts* / pharmacology
  • Tea* / chemistry
  • Withania* / chemistry

Substances

  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Tea
  • Ashwagandha
  • Plant Extracts
  • Nootropic Agents