Recent progress in anti-atherosclerosis strategies and prospective therapeutic targets

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, results from the accumulation of lipids and other substances within the artery wall following intimal damage. This process leads to the development of atherosclerotic plaques, causing arterial stenosis or complete occlusion. Although current treatment strategies of atherosclerosis have obvious advantages, they are accompanied by side effects. These treatment strategies do not offer a cure but rather aim to impede disease progression. Consequently, managing atherosclerosis remains a formidable challenge, necessitating innovative approaches in light of advancing biomedical technology. This review systematically presents the progress in treating atherosclerosis, encompassing small molecule drugs, macromolecular drugs, and nanomedicine. It emphasizes the utilization of protein target inhibitors or agonists and natural compounds in small molecules, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors in macromolecules, and the synergistic effects of nano-therapies with other treatments. The study uncovers the potential and challenges associated with recent treatment strategies in atherosclerosis, while also shedding light on innovative design concepts.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Drug; Nanomedicine; PCSK9i; Treatment strategies.