Chia seed mucilage biosorbent synergism with hydrophobic iron (III)-natural phenolic nanoparticles for dispersive solid-phase extraction of tetracycline residues in milk and honey samples before HPLC analysis

Nongnapas Nakhonchai; Kraingkrai Ponhong; Jonathan V Sweedler; Chang Young Lee; Sam-Ang Supharoek

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146239

Chia seed mucilage biosorbent synergism with hydrophobic iron (III)-natural phenolic nanoparticles for dispersive solid-phase extraction of tetracycline residues in milk and honey samples before HPLC analysis

Food Chem. 2025 Dec 1:494:146239. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146239. Epub 2025 Sep 3.

Authors

Nongnapas Nakhonchai¹, Kraingkrai Ponhong², Jonathan V Sweedler³, Chang Young Lee⁴, Sam-Ang Supharoek⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
² Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand; Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
³ Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
⁴ School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
⁵ Department of Medical Science, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen Campus, Amnat Charoen, 37000, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. Electronic address: samang.sup@mahidol.ac.th.

PMID: 40929857
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146239

Abstract

This study utilized the synergistic effectiveness of chia seed mucilage and iron (III)-natural phenolic nanoparticles as biosorbents for the first time in the dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline followed by HPLC-UV quantification. An in-situ iron (III)-natural phenolic solid adsorbent was created using natural phenolics found in the copper pod tree bark. An ultrasonic-assisted extraction was performed to enhance the extraction efficiency of DSPE-based biosorbents. Excellent linearity with R² greater than 0.9957 was achieved, with detection limits between 0.7 and 2.0 μg L^-1 for milk, 2.5 and 7.5 μg kg^-1 for honey, and precisions below 9.1 %. The DSPE-based biosorbent was effectively applied to quantify tetracycline residues in milk and honey samples, yielding recoveries from 72.1 to 116.2 %. This method showed potential as an alternative simple, low-cost, eco-friendly, biodegradable, and reusable biosorbent to determine tetracycline residues in food.

Keywords: Antibiotic residues; Copper pod tree bark; Food sample; Green sample preparation; Natural reagent; Ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Publication types

Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

Adsorption
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry
Anti-Bacterial Agents* / isolation & purification
Cattle
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
Cicer / chemistry
Drug Residues* / chemistry
Drug Residues* / isolation & purification
Food Contamination / analysis
Honey* / analysis
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Iron / chemistry
Milk* / chemistry
Nanoparticles / chemistry
Phenols* / chemistry
Plant Extracts* / chemistry
Plant Mucilage* / chemistry
Salvia hispanica
Seeds / chemistry
Solid Phase Extraction* / instrumentation
Solid Phase Extraction* / methods
Tetracycline* / analysis
Tetracycline* / chemistry
Tetracycline* / isolation & purification

Substances

Tetracycline
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Phenols
Plant Mucilage
Iron
Plant Extracts
Salvia hispanica seed extract