A new program of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for surgical neonates has been described an investigated. The program is based on the use of fat emulsion as the major source of calories and infusion of large volumes of the solution via peripheral veins. This program has three main advantages over conventional hyperalimentation using a central venous catheter: (1) it avoids complications such as septicemia, thrombosis of large vessels, and metabolic complications such as hyperglycemia or osmotic diuresis; (2) it provides physiological nutritive elements containing a normal composition of glucose, protein, and fat; and (3) it is easy to start and manage the TPN using a peripheral vein. Thirty-four neonatal surgical patients with life-threatening gastrointestinal anomalies have been placed on this TPN program. Infusion of fat emulsion and large volumes of fluid were well tolerated and all patients gained weight during the period of observation.