Comparing Functional Outcomes Following TORS With Free Flap Reconstruction Using a Radial Forearm vs. Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Abstract

Background: Free flap reconstruction (FFR) following transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is commonly performed using radial forearm free flaps (RFFF). This study compares patterns of functional recovery between RFFFs and anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTFs).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with oropharyngeal cancer who underwent TORS with FFR (2010-2023) at a tertiary care center. A 1:4 ALTF:RFFF propensity score match was performed. Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) assessed outcomes.

Results: The 105 patients were included. ALTF patients had lower FOIS at 6 months (3[2.0, 5.0] vs. 5.0[2.0, 6.0], p = 0.045) and 1 year (5.0[2.0, 6.0] vs. 6.0[5.0, 6.8], p = 0.045), with higher PEG tube rates. ALTFs were used for larger defects (62.95 ± 20.25 cm² vs. 51.17 ± 15.11 cm², p = 0.014). Donor site morbidity or postoperative complications were similar between cohorts.

Conclusions: ALTFs are suitable for larger defects and lead to slower early functional recovery with higher PEG tube rates compared to RFFFs, with no difference in complications.

Keywords: FOIS; TORS; anterolateral thigh; dysphagia; free flap; functional outcomes; radial forearm.