Alopecia areata is a persistent autoimmune-mediated disease with a complicated pathophysiology and a prevalence of approximately 2%. The exact pathogenesis is yet to be identified; nevertheless, environmental factors, autoimmune mechanisms and genetic factors among others all contribute to the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of the disease. Even though alopecia areata is frequently self-limiting and recovery can occur on its own, it can cause esthetic challenges that might precipitate psychosocial disorders. This article aims to provide a clinical update on alopecia areata comparing the most important international guidelines, with particular emphasis on current treatment options and comorbidities.
Keywords: alopecia areata; general dermatology; guidelines; medical dermatology; review.