Indole-selenide derivatives: recent advances in design, synthesis and future prospects for therapeutic applications

Future Med Chem. 2025 Sep;17(18):2281-2293. doi: 10.1080/17568919.2025.2557185. Epub 2025 Sep 14.

Abstract

In recent years, Selenium (Se) has become an emerging versatile player in medicinal chemistry. Indole scaffolds, known as a "privileged structure," are widely used in drug design due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad biological activities. Indole selenide compounds, which integrate the two important elements of selenium and indole, represent a new and significant structural type and have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, antioxidant and P-glycoprotein inhibitory activities. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the synthesis, design and biological activity studies of indole-selenide compounds. We also provide perspectives regarding the challenges in indole-selenide-based medicinal chemistry and future research directions.

Keywords: P-glycoprotein inhibitor; Selenium; anti-tumor; click chemistry; indole-selenide; parallel synthesis; selenium-nitrogen exchange; selenylation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants* / chemical synthesis
  • Antioxidants* / chemistry
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Drug Design*
  • Humans
  • Indoles* / chemical synthesis
  • Indoles* / chemistry
  • Indoles* / pharmacology
  • Molecular Structure
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Organoselenium Compounds* / chemical synthesis
  • Organoselenium Compounds* / chemistry
  • Organoselenium Compounds* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Indoles
  • Organoselenium Compounds
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Antioxidants