This case report highlights the need to consider both infection and malignancy in the differential of a chylothorax, particularly in an immunosuppressed patient. The case demonstrates the challenges in treating a chylothorax, both in terms of appropriate drainage and the necessity to maintain a low-fat diet. The case also presented challenges in treating histoplasmosis, both in terms of renal effects of amphotericin B and the effect of a low-fat diet on an oral antifungal agent. Although infection may be controlled with appropriate antifungal agents, the underlying hematologic malignancy must be controlled in order to successfully treat the patient.
Keywords: chylothorax; disseminated histoplasmosis; esophago‐pericardial fistula; non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma; pleural effusion.
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