Cardiac Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Presentation of Echinococcal Infection

Abstract

Background: Cardiac hydatid disease is rare, comprising only 0.5% to 2% of all hydatid disease cases. Symptoms depend on the cyst's location, size, and impact on surrounding structures.

Case summary: We report a case of a middle-aged man with recurrent palpitations and shortness of breath. Electrocardiogram, during palpitation episodes, showed ventricular tachycardia. Further investigations confirmed a large hydatid cyst attached to the free wall of the left ventricle. Surgical excision led to an excellent clinical outcome.

Discussion: Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, most commonly affects the liver or lungs. Cardiac involvement is rare (0.5%-2%), typically affecting the left ventricular wall. Arrhythmias and heart block may be uncommon presentations. Accurate imaging is essential to assess the disease's extent. Once identified, surgical removal combined with medical therapy is the treatment of choice.

Take-home message: In endemic areas, cardiac hydatid disease should be considered in patients with unexplained arrhythmias.

Keywords: cardiac magnetic resonance; computed tomography; left ventricle; pericardial effusion; shortness of breath; ventricular tachycardia.