Point-Of-Care Ultrasound for Rapid Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Effusion in Penetrating Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

J Clin Ultrasound. 2026 Feb;54(2):427-437. doi: 10.1002/jcu.70070. Epub 2025 Sep 21.

Abstract

Pericardial effusion (PCE) secondary to penetrating traumas is a critical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention. This meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in detecting PCE and its impact on patient outcomes. Data from 10 studies involving 3785 patients demonstrated that POCUS has a pooled sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 99%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96. Survival rates among true positive cases were 93%, with a mean time to intervention of 7-13 min. Overall, POCUS has a high specificity and sensitivity for detecting PCE among patients with penetrating injuries. However, a negative POCUS exam should be accompanied by diagnostic modalities, such as computed tomography or formal echocardiography to confirm the absence of PCE.

Keywords: diagnostic accuracy; penetrating trauma; pericardial effusion (PCE); point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS); traumatic injuries.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Pericardial Effusion* / diagnostic imaging
  • Pericardial Effusion* / etiology
  • Pericardial Effusion* / therapy
  • Point-of-Care Systems*
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Ultrasonography / methods
  • Wounds, Penetrating* / complications