Ivermectin is a classic antiparasitic drug that is widely used around the world. After the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, many studies have reported the potential effectiveness of ivermectin against coronavirus disease 2019; however, it is not recommended by the World Health Organization because of insufficient evidence and significant adverse effects. Owing to the abovementioned findings, the number of reports of poisoning and other serious reactions caused by ivermectin abuse have increased in recent years. Notably, no previous cases of transdermal ivermectin poisoning with documented blood concentrations has been reported to date. We report a rare fatal case of ivermectin misuse with a review of recent literature. The patient suffered from ivermectin poisoning due to transdermal overdose. The patient's plasma concentration was 27 ng/mL. The main clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal symptoms in the early stage and diffuse cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in the later stage. Despite active treatment, including hemoperfusion and cardiorespiratory support, the patient died. Many recent in vitro studies have shown that ivermectin has the potential to become a new anticancer drug. If clinical research proves its effectiveness against cancer, it may also lead to ivermectin overuse. This study aimed to raise awareness regarding ivermectin poisoning among clinicians and the public, thereby preventing drug abuse.
Keywords: Ivermectin poisoning; cerebral edema; coronavirus disease 2019; intracranial hypertension; transdermal absorption.