A Learning Curve is Associated With Combined Hybrid Procedure and Single Ventricle-Ventricular Assist Device Insertion in Neonates With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2026 Mar;17(2):230-238. doi: 10.1177/21501351251360691. Epub 2025 Sep 24.

Abstract

ObjectivesA minority of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are at extremely high risk for staged palliation and can be bridged-to-heart transplantation with bilateral pulmonary artery bands, ductal stenting, and single ventricle-ventricular assist device insertion (HYBRID + sVAD). The purpose of this analysis is to assess our learning curve associated with our first ten patients with functionally univentricular ductal-dependent systemic circulation who were supported with primary HYBRID + sVAD as bridge-to-heart transplantation.MethodsPatients were temporally separated into two cohorts: the first five and second five. Demographic, perioperative, and outcome data were collected. Continuous variables are described as median [IQR](range). Categorical variables are described as N (%). P values were calculated using Fisher exact t test for categorical variables and unpaired t tests for continuous variables.ResultsTen patients underwent HYBRID + sVAD operations for HLHS (2017-2022). Patients in the initial cohort and the most recent cohort were similar in age and weight. Liver dysfunction and renal dysfunction were more common in the first five patients (2/5 = 40%) versus the next five patients (0/5 = 0%). Length of sVAD support was longer in the most recent five patients (98 days [64-138] vs 154 days [134-225], P = .08); however, no increase in sVAD-associated stroke or bleeding was seen in the most recent five patients. Despite very similar demographic and preoperative profiles, only two of the first five patients (2/5 = 40%) survived to heart transplantation, while all of the next 5 (5/5 = 100%) were successfully bridged-to-cardiac transplantation with HYBRID + sVAD and are alive today.ConclusionsOur experience with primary HYBRID + sVAD as bridge-to-heart transplantation in neonates with HLHS demonstrates an important learning curve associated with this operation and approach.

Keywords: BiVAD, sVAD; HLHS; RVAD; TAH); VAD; cardiac transplantation; circulatory assist devices (LVAD; heart transplant; hypoplastic left heart syndrome; ventricular assist device.

MeSH terms

  • Female
  • Heart Transplantation
  • Heart Ventricles* / surgery
  • Heart-Assist Devices*
  • Humans
  • Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome* / surgery
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Learning Curve*
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome