Hypoxia is triggered by various underlying conditions and initiates a complex cascade of pathophysiological processes culminating in the onset of headache. Key mechanisms include alterations in cerebral blood flow, disruption of metabolic homeostasis, and activation of inflammatory pathways. These factors collectively contribute to the development and maintenance of hypoxia-related headache. Clinically, headaches associated with hypoxia display considerable heterogeneity regarding symptom severity and accompanying features. This variability is influenced by individual susceptibility, comorbidities, and the extent and duration of oxygen deprivation.