Four new dammarane saponins, named actinostemmosides L-O (1-4), together with five known analogues (5-9), were isolated from the whole plant of Actinostemma lobatum. Their structures were established by HR-ESI-MS, exhaustive 1D/2D-NMR, and chemical methods. All nine saponins exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 40.3-150.9 μM), with actinostemmoside L (1) exhibiting an IC50 of 40.3 μM-twice the potency of acarbose (84.6 μM)-while 5 and 6 were equipotent with the drug. These results expand the chemical space of dammarane saponins and establish A. lobatum as a renewable source of α-glucosidase inhibitors.
Keywords: Actinostemma lobatum; Dammarane; Hypoglycemic activity; Triterpenoid saponins; α-Glucosidase inhibitors.
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