A Retrospective Study to Compare the Efficacy of 308-nm Light-Emitting Diode and 308-nm Monochromatic Excimer Lamp in the Treatment of Pediatric Vitiligo

Abstract

Introduction: Vitiligo, a common depigmentation disorder, is often treated with phototherapy. 308-nm monochromatic excimer lamp/laser (308-nm MEL) is typically administered in hospitals, whereas 308-nm light-emitting diodes (308-nm LED) offer a home-based alternative. This study compared the efficacy and safety of home-based 308-nm LED with hospital-based 308-nm MEL in pediatric vitiligo.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 75 pediatric vitiligo patients treated with home-based 308-nm LED or hospital-based 308-nm MEL was conducted. Efficacy (repigmentation > 50%) and adverse events were evaluated after 16, 32, and 48 sessions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0.

Results: After 48 sessions, hospital-based 308-nm MEL showed higher efficacy rates (79.5%) than home-based 308-nm LED (38.9%, p < 0.001). However, efficacy was similar when cumulative doses were comparable (p > 0.05). Adverse events were more frequent in the home-based group (63.9% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.029), likely due to cautious dose adjustments. Shorter disease duration and stable disease correlated with better outcomes (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Home-based 308-nm LED is a viable alternative to hospital-based 308-nm MEL for pediatric vitiligo when cumulative doses are similar. However, higher adverse events in home-based therapy highlight the need for better patient education and professional guidance. AI and digital platforms could enhance the safety and efficacy of home-based phototherapy.

Keywords: 308‐nm light emitting diodes; 308‐nm monochromatic excimer lamp; pediatric; vitiligo.