Bridging the Gap to Waitlist Activation: Semaglutide's Weight Loss Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Obesity on Dialysis Seeking Kidney Transplantation

Clin Transplant. 2025 Oct;39(10):e70344. doi: 10.1111/ctr.70344.

Abstract

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated efficacy for weight loss and glycemic control in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but data are limited for patients with end-stage kidney disease on dialysis. We examined the weight loss efficacy and safety of semaglutide when prescribed to patients on dialysis to improve transplant candidacy and activation status. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 36 patients on dialysis who were prescribed semaglutide through a metabolic clinic between September 2021 and December 2023. Outcomes included weight loss efficacy, safety, and change in waitlist status at 1 year. Patients achieved a mean total body weight loss of 7.8% (SD 6.1). Of patients who were ineligible for transplant due to elevated body mass index, 48.2% achieved waitlist activation after successful weight loss. Treatment-limiting gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 16.7% of patients. Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD, 30.8%) versus hemodialysis (8.7%) discontinued therapy more frequently. In a single-center cohort, patients who received semaglutide experienced significantly greater weight loss and increased rates of waitlist activation compared with a lifestyle-only intervention. Semaglutide was generally well-tolerated. Prospective studies should examine whether patients on PD experience severe GI side effects more frequently on semaglutide.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist; kidney transplantation; obesity; patient selection; renal dialysis; semaglutide.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
  • Glucagon-Like Peptides* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic* / complications
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic* / therapy
  • Kidney Transplantation*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity* / complications
  • Obesity* / drug therapy
  • Prognosis
  • Renal Dialysis*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Waiting Lists* / mortality
  • Weight Loss* / drug effects

Substances

  • semaglutide
  • Glucagon-Like Peptides
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1