Patient-reported visual difficulties associated with geographic atrophy from age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

Purpose: To characterize visual difficulties associated with geographic atrophy (GA).

Methods: A prospective study included 91 participants with bilateral GA. A visual activities questionnaire was administered at baseline and annually for 2 years along with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and GA size. Baseline questionnaire responses were compared using logistic regressions, and longitudinal changes were analyzed with generalized linear mixed-effect models. A small group of 12 participants with drusen without GA served as a comparison to participants with GA and good VA.

Results: Compared to drusen participants, bilateral GA participants with BCVA of 20/50 or better reported significantly more difficulties in 8 vision-specific tasks. The frequencies of difficulty in reading small print, trouble with face recognition, and stopping driving were positively associated with GA severity cross-sectionally, measured by either BCVA or GA size, and increased over 2 years (P < 0.05 for each). Additional significant longitudinal changes included difficulty seeing in dim light (P = 0.005) and locating a sign (P = 0.008).

Conclusion: Reading, vision in dim illumination, face recognition, locating signs, and driving worsen over 2 years in patients with GA, and may be the appropriate self-reported items to monitor in a clinical trial. These findings highlight the need for therapies addressing both GA enlargement and visual function decline.

Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Best-corrected visual acuity; Geographic atrophy; Quality of life; Visual activities questionnaire; Visual function.