Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of aminochalcones against multiresistant Haemonchus contortus

Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2025 Oct 17;34(4):e005825. doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612025046. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the in vitro activity of aminochalcones against Haemonchus contortus eggs and adults. Aminochalcones 1 and 2 were synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt condensation and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The activity of both aminochalcones was assessed in the egg hatch test and that of aminochalcone 1 was further evaluated in the adult worm motility test using multiresistant H. contortus. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed, and changes induced in eggs and adults were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Aminochalcones 1 and 2 inhibited larvae hatching by 98.70 and 99.89%, respectively, at concentrations of 0.25 and 1 mg/mL. SEM images revealed structural and morphological changes in eggs treated with both compounds. After 12 h of exposure to aminochalcone 1 (1.25 mg/mL), all adult nematodes were immobile, and wrinkling of the cuticle was observed. These findings indicate the ovicidal effect of aminochalcones and the inhibition of worm motility by aminochalcone 1. Our preliminary study demonstrated, for the first time, the anthelmintic activity of this class of compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and suggest further anthelmintic evaluation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar e avaliar o efeito in vitro de aminochalconas contra Haemonchus contortus. Aminochalconas 1 e 2 foram sintetizadas usando condensação de Claisen-Schmidt e caracterizadas usando espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, ressonância magnética nuclear e espectrometria de massa. A atividade de ambas as aminochalconas foi avaliada no teste de eclosão de ovos e a da aminochalcona 1 foi avaliada posteriormente no teste de motilidade de nematódeos adultos utilizando H. contortus multiresistente. As estruturas químicas dos compostos sintetizados foram confirmadas e as alterações induzidas em ovos e adultos foram avaliadas usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As aminochalconas 1 e 2 inibiram a eclosão larvar em 98,70 e 99,89%, respectivamente, nas concentrações de 0,25 e 1 mg/mL. Imagens de MEV revelaram mudanças estruturais e morfológicas em ovos tratados com ambos os compostos. Após 12 h de exposição à aminochalcona 1 (1,25 mg/mL), todos os nematódeos estavam imóveis e foi observado enrugamento da cutícula. Esses achados indicam o efeito ovicida das aminochalconas e a inibição da motilidade dos nematódeos pela aminochalcona 1. Nosso estudo demonstrou, pela primeira vez, a atividade anti-helmíntica dessa classe de compostos contra nematódeoss gastrointestinais de pequenos ruminantes e sugere adicional avaliação anti-helmíntica.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics* / chemical synthesis
  • Anthelmintics* / pharmacology
  • Chalcones* / chemical synthesis
  • Chalcones* / pharmacology
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple
  • Haemonchus* / drug effects

Substances

  • Anthelmintics
  • Chalcones