System-based comparison of the knowledge level of popular AI chatbots on human anatomy: a multiple-choice exam analysis of GPT-4.1, DeepSeek, Co-Pilot, and Gemini models
Surg Radiol Anat
.
2025 Nov 13;48(1):1.
doi: 10.1007/s00276-025-03769-8.
Authors
Mert Nahir
1
,
Abdulkerim Kasap
2
,
Bunyamin Sahin
3
Affiliations
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey. mert.nahir@gmail.com.
2
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
3
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
PMID:
41233619
DOI:
10.1007/s00276-025-03769-8
No abstract available
Keywords:
Anatomy; Artificial intelligence; Chatbot; Exam evaluation; Medical education.