The effect of weight-bearing status on kinematics and cruciate ligament force in normal knees

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 14;15(1):40019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23577-9.

Abstract

Evaluating WB status during normal knee flexion activities is important for optimizing surgical procedures and postoperative rehabilitation. This study aimed to clarify the effects of weight-bearing (WB) on in vivo knee kinematics and cruciate ligament forces in normal knees. Fluoroscopic imaging in the sagittal plane was used while volunteers performed squatting and active-assisted knee flexion. Tibiofemoral kinematics were measured using a two-dimensional/three-dimensional registration technique. Forces in the anterior cruciate ligament (anteromedial/posterolateral; aACL/pACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (anterolateral/posteromedial; aPCL/pPCL) were analyzed. Anteroposterior translation (APT) of low contact points (LCPs) in WB and non-weight-bearing (NWB) conditions showed no anterior translation from extension to mid-flexion. The medial APT of LCPs in the NWB was more posterior than in WB. Medial stabilized articular surface and/or a surgical technique may help restore native knee kinematics across WB conditions.

Keywords: Cruciate ligament force; High knee flexion activities; Kinematics; Normal knee; Weight-bearing status.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament* / diagnostic imaging
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament* / physiology
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Knee Joint* / diagnostic imaging
  • Knee Joint* / physiology
  • Male
  • Posterior Cruciate Ligament* / physiology
  • Range of Motion, Articular / physiology
  • Weight-Bearing* / physiology
  • Young Adult