This review summarizes key clinical findings on probiotics in addressing bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in women. Lactobacillus bacteria play a critical role in maintaining a balanced vaginal microbiome by supporting an acidic environment and helping combat conditions like BV, AIDS, maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS), and candidiasis. Probiotics, either alone or combined with antibiotics, have shown promise in promoting microbiome recovery and potentially reducing recovery time. However, their efficacy depends on the strains used and specific conditions, emphasizing the need for further research. Additionally, probiotics can mitigate risks associated with excessive antibiotic use, including antibiotic resistance. The increasing interest in probiotics for women's sexual health has led to the development of specialized products, though identifying superior strains and optimal dosages remains an ongoing challenge. In conclusion, probiotics offer a non-invasive and cost-effective approach to supporting women's health by promoting microbiota balance and enhancing immune function. They offer a promising strategy for managing BV and potentially reducing STD risks. However, further research is necessary to standardize strains, dosages, and application methods in order to achieve consistent and effective outcomes.
Keywords: maternal health; microbiome recovery; non‐invasive treatment; therapeutic role of probiotics; women's sexual health.
© 2025 APMIS ‐ Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology.