Controlling Magnetic-Field-Induced Shape Memory Response in Polycrystalline Off-Stoichiometry Fe47‑xMn24 + xGa29 Microwires

ACS Mater Au. 2025 Aug 29;5(6):1052-1060. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00113. eCollection 2025 Nov 12.

Abstract

The ferromagnetic shape memory (FSM) behavior of glass-coated Fe47‑x Mn24+x Ga29 (x = 0-8 at. %) microwires has been investigated through temperature-dependent magnetization and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature reveal an abrupt increase and decrease in magnetization upon cooling and heating, respectively, indicating characteristic thermal hysteresis (ΔT hys ) behavior typically associated with a magnetic-field-induced "diffusionless" martensitic transformation. The magnitude and width of ΔT hys are strongly correlated with the Fe/Mn atomic ratio; notably, the Fe45Mn26Ga29 microwire exhibits a very large ΔT hys width of 98 K, which is attributed to local deformation involving the motion of Fe and Mn atoms. Furthermore, an antiferromagnetic transition is observed in a low-temperature region, shifting from 22 to 41 K depending on composition. This shift is attributed to variations in local exchange interactions arising from unequal occupation of Fe and Mn 3d orbitals. These findings highlight a compositionally driven design strategy that enables precise tuning of FSM behavior, making Fe-Mn-Ga microwires promising candidates for use in tunable magnetic actuation and sensing technologies.

Keywords: Fe-based Heusler alloys; L21 structure; Martensitic transformation; ac magnetic susceptibility; magnetic hysteresis; magnetic shape memory.