The increasing use of cosmetics and therapeutic products has raised concerns about their effects on skin health and overall well-being. This review focuses on the toxicological impact of cosmetic ingredients, particularly endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as benzophenones, triclosan, phthalates, and parabens. Frequently present in skincare, haircare, and cosmetic products, these compounds have been associated with adverse outcomes, including carcinogenesis, skin disorders, hormonal imbalances, and reproductive health issues. Despite extensive research on parabens, phthalates, triclosan, and benzophenones, significant uncertainties persist, underscoring the need for further investigation to understand previous findings better. To mitigate these risks, the review recommends adopting safer alternatives, increasing consumer awareness, and enforcing stricter regulatory measures. This comprehensive analysis aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps, empower consumers to make informed choices, and advocate for strict safety standards in personal care products to safeguard skin health and support long-term well-being.
Keywords: Benzophenones; Cosmetic ingredients; Parabens; Phthalates; Skincare; Triclosan.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.