Outcomes and predictive factors of success in stapes surgery: a multicentric retrospective analysis

J Laryngol Otol. 2026 Feb;140(2):214-220. doi: 10.1017/S0022215125103903.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare long-term audiological outcomes of diode laser stapedotomy, microdrill stapedotomy and combined potassium titanyl phosphate laser-microdrill stapedotomy, and to identify predictors of surgical success.

Methods: Surgical, audiological and complications data were collected. Surgical success was analysed via the measurement of post-operative air-bone gap, air conduction gain.

Results: A total of 615 patients were included; median follow-up was 16 months (range 1-1319). Overall, the 94.3 per cent achieved surgical success (air-bone gap < 15 dB). Median air-bone gap closure was 5 dB (interquartile range: 2.50-8.12), and median air conduction gain was 27.5dB (interquartile range: 19.37-36.25).Compared across techniques, success rates were similar; however, post-operative air-bone gap was significantly better with laser techniques than with microdrill alone (p = 0.016). Longer prostheses were associated with improved outcomes.

Conclusion: All the examined techniques showed excellent audiological results. Laser use was associated with better post-operative air-bone gap than stapedotomy with microdrill only.

Keywords: laser; otosclerosis; stapedotomy; stapes surgery.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Bone Conduction
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Hearing Loss, Conductive* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Laser Therapy / methods
  • Lasers, Semiconductor / therapeutic use
  • Lasers, Solid-State / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Otosclerosis* / surgery
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stapes Surgery* / adverse effects
  • Stapes Surgery* / methods
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult