Long-Term Oncological Outcomes for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients with Pathological Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Turkish Oncology Group Study

Cancer Invest. 2026 Feb;44(2):127-135. doi: 10.1080/07357907.2025.2595536. Epub 2025 Dec 5.

Abstract

The goal of this study was to look at the long-term survival outcomes and clinical characteristics of stage II/III locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients who acquired pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). The clinicopathological characteristics and treatment details of 277 LARC patients with pCR, relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and locoregional and systemic recurrence rates, were assessed. The 5-year RFS and OS rates were 85.6% and 90.9%. The rates of local and systemic recurrence were 3.6% and 7.9%. Our study confirmed the favorable results in survival in patients with LARC who achieved pCR.

Keywords: Disease-free survival; Local advanced rectal cancer; Local recurrence; Neoadjuvant chemoradiation; Overall survival; Pathological complete response; Surgical outcome.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Chemoradiotherapy
  • Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoadjuvant Therapy*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Rectal Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Rectal Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Rectal Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Turkey