Comprehensive Multiomics Characterization of Perineural Invasion in Cervical Cancer Reveals Diagnostic Markers, Molecular Drivers, and Therapeutic Strategies

Cancer Res. 2026 Mar 16;86(6):1514-1525. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0149.

Abstract

Perineural invasion (PNI) is an important pathologic feature of cervical cancer that is associated with poor prognosis and provides key information for clinical decisions. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PNI could lead to improved patient treatment strategies. Here, we generated whole-exome, whole-genome, and RNA sequencing data from tumors and matched normal clinical samples of 45 patients with cervical cancer and performed a comparative analysis between 23 PNI and 22 non-PNI tumors. A robust machine learning approach identified a three-gene expression signature of MT1G, NPAS1, and SPRY1 that could predict the tumor PNI status with high accuracy, which was validated using an independent cohort (18 PNI and 19 non-PNI). Loss-of-function FBXW7 mutations were identified as driver events for PNI that lead to increased MYC activity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, a deep learning model for predicting drug efficacy over patients' transcriptomic data revealed OTX015, a BET inhibitor, as a promising treatment that targets mutated FBXW7 PNI tumors. This study provides a rich resource for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of PNI tumors, laying a critical foundation for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PNI tumors in cervical cancer.

Significance: Generation of a rich resource for characterizing the molecular basis of perineural invasion in tumors lays a critical foundation for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cervical cancer. This article is part of a special series: Driving Cancer Discoveries with Computational Research, Data Science, and Machine Learning/AI .

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers, Tumor* / genetics
  • Exome Sequencing
  • F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7 / genetics
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Machine Learning
  • Multiomics
  • Mutation
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Peripheral Nerves* / pathology
  • Prognosis
  • Transcriptome
  • Tumor Microenvironment
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* / pathology

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • FBXW7 protein, human
  • F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7