Selective genome editing of amplified oncogenes triggers immunogenic cell death and tumor remodeling

Mol Cancer. 2025 Dec 22;25(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12943-025-02542-0.

Abstract

Oncogene amplifications fuel some of the most lethal, therapy‑refractory cancers, yet remain clinically untargeted. We report a single‑guide CRISPR/Cas9 strategy that converts the sheer copy‑number excess of oncogene amplicons into an Achilles' heel. A solitary intronic double‑strand break is innocuous in diploid genomes but collapses oncogene amplification‑positive cells across neuroblastoma, small‑cell lung and colorectal carcinoma models, driving > 90% loss of viability, G₂/M blockade and catastrophic DNA‑damage signalling. Amplified‑locus cleavage rewires transcription toward cell death activation, necroptosis and cGAS-STING-mediated immunogenic cell death, enabling dendritic‑cell cross‑priming and T‑cell activation and proliferation. In xenografts, delivery of the intronic sgRNA shrinks tumours by 90%, prolongs survival and remodels the innate tumour microenvironment. Deep sequencing confirms negligible off‑target editing, and combination with doxorubicin achieves supra‑additive killing. These findings establish amplification density, not sequence content, as a tractable, tumour‑exclusive target and unveil a dual‑action platform that is simultaneously cytotoxic and immunostimulatory. Editing of tumor amplifications therefore offers a blueprint for translating copy‑number aberrations into precision genome‑editing therapies for treatment‑resistant cancers.

Keywords: CRISPR system; Cancer targeted therapy; Genome editing; Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD); Oncogene amplification; Preclinical studies; ecDNA.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Gene Amplification*
  • Gene Editing* / methods
  • Humans
  • Immunogenic Cell Death* / genetics
  • Mice
  • Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Neoplasms* / immunology
  • Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Oncogenes* / genetics
  • Tumor Microenvironment / genetics
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays