Supporting Recovery College trainers: a qualitative study on complementary knowledge in Quebec and Lombardy

Martine Vallarino; Filippo Rapisarda; Laurence Cournoyer; Anick Sauvageau; Brigitte Vachon; Gianpaolo Scarsato; Paolo Cacciani; Antonio Vita; Catherine Briand

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1702341

Supporting Recovery College trainers: a qualitative study on complementary knowledge in Quebec and Lombardy

Front Psychiatry. 2025 Dec 10:16:1702341. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1702341. eCollection 2025.

Authors

Martine Vallarino^{1

2}, Filippo Rapisarda^{1

2}, Laurence Cournoyer², Anick Sauvageau^{1

2}, Brigitte Vachon^{2

3}, Gianpaolo Scarsato⁴, Paolo Cacciani⁴, Antonio Vita^{4

5}, Catherine Briand^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
² Research Center of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
³ School of Readaptation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁴ Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e delle Dipendenze, Brescia, Italy.
⁵ Universita Degli Studi di Brescia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Brescia, Italy.

Abstract

Background: Recovery Colleges (RCs) are educational centers offering free courses on mental health, well-being, recovery, and living well together. They represent an innovative approach to mental health, going beyond clinical and therapeutic interventions to foster constructive dialogue between people with lived experience and professionals with theoretical or clinical knowledge. Fidelity to the RC model, particularly to the principle of co-production, is considered essential to ensure quality. However, despite the crucial role of trainers for maintaining alignment with RC principles and values, little research has examined how trainers could be trained and supported to coproduce RC courses. This study aimed to explore the experiences of RC trainers and coordinators, describing challenges and good practices encountered in working with complementary types of knowledge.

Methods: A qualitative exploratory multicenter design was adopted. Data were collected between May and December 2024 through five online focus groups involving trainers and coordinators from two RCs, one in Quebec, Canada, and one in Lombardy, Italy. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using a stepwise thematic analysis.

Results: Twenty-seven people with diverse backgrounds participated in the study. Eight main themes (and their respective subthemes) emerged from participants' narratives: the distinctive nature of the RC model which requires the embodiment of its values; the development of core competencies such as knowledge integration, mobilization of experiential knowledge, and group facilitation skills; the dynamic within the trainers' dyads, described as a relational process based on mutual trust and negotiation; strengths and challenges of the co-production process within the dyad and with learners; ongoing activities and tools to ensure trainers' alignment with the model and activities to support the trainer's role.

Discussion: Results suggest the importance of raising awareness among trainers about relevant elements to be considered in designing and implementing a RC training program. It is therefore important to foster egalitarian and supportive relationships in the trainers' dyad, as these can serve as a model for co-production during RC courses. Finally, to improve knowledge complementarity, trainers need to receive continuous support, through ongoing training activities and other learning opportunities to ensure alignment with value and principles of RC model.

Keywords: Recovery College; co-production; mental health; trainers; training program.