Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a transient pain triggered by thermal, tactile, or osmotic stimuli, commonly linked to exposed dentinal tubules. Its relationship with untreated periodontal disease, however, remains underexplored.
Material and methods: A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted at a specialized periodontics clinic and included 930 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. Patients with a history of periodontal treatment, or other potential causes of DH, were excluded. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing habits and symptoms related to DH. Bivariate analyses and statistical tests were used to evaluate the associations between DH and clinical variables such as periodontitis stage, gingival recession, age, gender, toothbrush type, parafunctional habits, and smoking.
Results: DH prevalence was 84.8%, with cold being the most frequently reported stimulus (64.8%). DH increased with the severity of periodontitis, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.23 for stage IV, grade B periodontitis. Gingival recession was strongly associated with a higher prevalence of DH (88.9% in patients with recession). Women and individuals under 35 reported greater DH. Bruxism and smoking were also contributing factors, particularly in response to sweet or pressure stimuli. The use of soft-bristled toothbrushes increased sensitivity, although not significantly.
Conclusions: DH is highly prevalent in patients with untreated periodontitis and increases with the stage and grade of the disease. Gingival recession, bruxism, and smoking are major contributing factors. Women and younger patients are more susceptible to DH. These findings highlight the need for preventive strategies to manage DH in patients with advanced periodontitis.
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