Integration of patient-reported outcomes and myokine profiling for the detection of physical inactivity in COPD: an exploratory multicentre study

Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 3;16(1):4403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34436-y.

Abstract

Physical inactivity strongly predicts poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but is often underrecognized. We investigated whether combining patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with myokine profiling enhances detection of inactivity in COPD. In this multicentre cross-sectional study, 73 patients with stable COPD underwent PRO assessment (modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), dyspnea-specific PROs (PROMs-D), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Shortness of Breath Daily Activities Questionnaire (SOBDA-Q), and Kihon Checklist (KCL)), serum myokine measurement, and accelerometer-based physical activity evaluation, stratified into 1.0-1.5 METs (low-intensity/sedentary), ≥ 3.0 METs (moderate), total activity (METs·h), and step count. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed. mMRC and PROMs-D correlated negatively with moderate activity and step count. Among myokines, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) showed moderate associations with physical activity: GDF-15 and BDNF with low-intensity, GDF-15 with moderate, and FABP3 and BDNF with step count. Combined PRO-myokine models outperformed single markers, with areas under the curve of 0.77 for low-intensity activity, 0.82 for moderate activity, and 0.86 for step count. In conclusion, integrating PROs and myokines improves the specificity and accuracy of inactivity detection in COPD. This multidimensional strategy may facilitate early, personalized interventions.

Keywords: Biomarkers of physical activity; Circulating myokines; Patient-reported outcomes; Physical inactivity in COPD; Sedentary behaviour.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / blood
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Exercise*
  • Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 / blood
  • Female
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / blood
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Myokines
  • Patient Reported Outcome Measures*
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / blood
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / physiopathology
  • Sedentary Behavior*

Substances

  • Growth Differentiation Factor 15
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
  • Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3
  • FABP3 protein, human
  • BDNF protein, human
  • Biomarkers
  • Myokines