Three New Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Effects on Fatty Acid Synthase, α-Glucosidase, and α-Amylase

Chem Biodivers. 2026 Jan;23(1):e03315. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202503315.

Abstract

In the phytochemical study of the leaves of Ligustrum robustum, two new monoterpenoid glycosides named ligurobustosides V (1a), V1 (1b), and a new secoiridoid glycoside named ligurobustoside W (2), together with three known glycosides (3-5), were isolated and identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The biological research discovered, compounds 3 and 4 showed powerful fatty acid synthase inhibitory activity (half inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 4.21 ± 0.16-4.51 ± 0.12 µM); compounds 1, 4, and 5 displayed some α-glucosidase inhibitory activity; compounds 1-5 revealed some α-amylase inhibitory activity; compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed stronger 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical scavenging effect (IC50: 3.98 ± 0.01-6.80 ± 0.07 µM) than L-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC50: 10.06 ± 0.19 µM). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were considered as some functional constituents of L. robustum to prevent diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Keywords: FAS; Ligustrum robustum; antioxidant; monoterpenoid glycoside; secoiridoid glycoside; α‐glucosidase.

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants* / chemistry
  • Antioxidants* / isolation & purification
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / isolation & purification
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Fatty Acid Synthases* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Fatty Acid Synthases* / metabolism
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors* / chemistry
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors* / isolation & purification
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Glycosides* / chemistry
  • Glycosides* / isolation & purification
  • Glycosides* / pharmacology
  • Ligustrum* / chemistry
  • Molecular Structure
  • Plant Leaves / chemistry
  • Plant Leaves / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • alpha-Amylases* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • alpha-Amylases* / metabolism
  • alpha-Glucosidases / metabolism

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Glycosides
  • alpha-Amylases
  • alpha-Glucosidases
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Fatty Acid Synthases
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors