1 Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Baddiley‑Clark Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BN, UK. hangjian.wu@ncl.ac.uk.
2 Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Baddiley‑Clark Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BN, UK.
3 National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Innovation Observatory and Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, UK.