Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Evaluate the Oxidative Stability of Beer, Wine, and Oils

Molecules. 2025 Dec 22;31(1):41. doi: 10.3390/molecules31010041.

Abstract

Oxidative stability plays an important role in determining the quality of oxidation-sensitive foods and beverages such as beer, wine, and edible oils. Oxidation occurs through radical chain reactions producing off-flavors and leading to deterioration and decrease in the quality and nutritional value of food and beverages. In this context, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful and selective technique for investigating reactions involving paramagnetic species, particularly free radicals and transition metal ions. This review provides a critical overview of the applications of EPR spectroscopy in the study of the oxidative stability and antioxidant activity of the above-mentioned matrices. It highlights the main methodological approaches that this technique can offer to gain insight into oxidative processes. Furthermore, current advances in low-cost and portable EPR instrumentation are discussed, along with their implications for broader adoption in both research and industry settings. The aim is to provide an up-to-date literature survey on the application of EPR spectroscopy for studying the oxidative stability and antioxidant activity of beer, wine, and edible oils, providing a methodological tool for academic and food industry researchers interested in monitoring, improving, and extending food shelf life through reliable analytical tools.

Keywords: VCO EPR; antioxidant activity; beer; benchtop EPR; edible oils; electron paramagnetic resonance; oxidative stability; spin trap; wine.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants / analysis
  • Antioxidants / chemistry
  • Beer* / analysis
  • Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / methods
  • Free Radicals / chemistry
  • Oils* / chemistry
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Wine* / analysis

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Oils
  • Free Radicals