Background/Objectives: The increasing rate of complex patients with multiple chronic somatic and/or mental disorders in modern medicine is challenging, necessitating special management programs. The aim of the present study was to identify clinical variables and the use of health services associated with the primary-physician-driven inclusion of complex patients in the "Team Management for Complex Patients" (TMCP) special program. Methods: Using validated electronic medical records of a nationwide health maintenance organization, a case-control study was performed. The study compared parameters before enrollment of complex patients included in the TMCP program with those of complex patients during the same time period who were not included, and were matched using a propensity score for age, sex, socioeconomic status, place of residence, ethnicity, smoking status, physical activity, and the balance before the day of enrollment for the major body measurements and laboratory results. Results: The control group was well-balanced, except for the South region and no physical activity. Several respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurological, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases were significantly more common among patients included in the TMCP program than among those not included. Complex patients included in the program presented significantly higher previous rates of attending outpatient urgent care centers, visiting hospital emergency departments, hospitalization, and medication use. Conclusions: Although limited by subjective inclusion criteria and potential confounding, the present comparative study identified clinical variables associated with the identification of complex patients for enrollment into a special managed program. These associations may inform future work to develop and validate criteria to support physician decision-making in selecting complex patients for managed programs and designing healthcare resources for patients who need them most. We currently meticulously follow the outcomes of the patients included in the special managed program.
Keywords: complex patients; multiple chronic conditions; team care management.