1 Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. tonya.palermo@seattlechildrens.org.
2 Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. tonya.palermo@seattlechildrens.org.
3 Inserm U987, APHP, UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
4 Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
5 Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
6 Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
7 Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience (formerly Pharmacology), and Public Health Sciences, Pain Outcomes Lab, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
8 Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
9 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
10 Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
11 Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
12 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
13 Department of Population Health - Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
14 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
15 Department of Anesthesia, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
16 Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
17 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
18 Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
19 Department of Academic Anaesthesia, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
20 Centre for Applied Health and Social Care Research (CARe), Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
21 Department of Anesthesiology & Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
22 Department of Neurology, Rambam Medical Center, and Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.