The connections among interactions with nature, diet quality, and sustainable eating: Insights from a mixed methods study

Abstract

Interacting with nature, such as spending time in nature and having houseplants, has been associated with positive mental and physical health outcomes and behaviors but limited research has explored dietary behaviors. Therefore, this study examined the relationships among interactions with nature, diet quality, and sustainable dietary patterns. In this explanatory sequential mixed methods study, participants self-reported the frequency and duration of their interactions with nature and completed Diet History Questionnaire II, where Healthy Eating Index-2020 (diet quality) and EAT-Lancet Index (sustainable dietary pattern) scores were calculated. A purposive sample of participants completed an interview. Multiple regression models were used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. The data were integrated by connecting and merging. Three hundred adults completed the survey and 30 were interviewed. Positive significant relationships among interactions with nature, diet quality (p < .001), and sustainable dietary patterns (p < .001) were found. Four themes highlighted how interacting with nature may affect dietary intake: engaging with the natural world relaxes the mind, paving the way for healthier eating habits; pursuing health draws us toward nature and positively influences dietary choices; a deep connection to nature sparks a desire to nourish the body with more fruits and vegetables; and thoughtfully participating in the food system promotes healthier choices for personal and planetary health. Integrated findings highlight that mental state moderates and connection to nature mediates the relationships of interest. These results may be used to promote dietary behaviors for personal and planetary health through nature-based interventions.