Modulation of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase TIE2/ Tek Pathway by NRF2 Activation in Neurovascular Endothelial Cells

Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Jan 13;27(2):770. doi: 10.3390/ijms27020770.

Abstract

The transcription factor NRF2 orchestrates diverse cellular homeostatic networks, but its role in angiogenesis remains poorly understood. Genetic and pharmacological modulation of NRF2 in mouse neuroendothelial cells altered the expression of several genes involved in endothelial biology. Among these, the TIE2/Tek receptor, essential for vascular development and integrity, was downregulated upon NRF2 activation, accompanied by changes in adherens and tight junction gene expression. Hemin treatment and knockdown revealed that TIE2/Tek repression is independent of the NRF2 repressor BACH1. mRNA stability and ChIP analyses indicated no post-transcriptional or direct transcriptional repression by NRF2. These findings suggest an alternative NRF2-dependent mechanism affecting TIE2/Tek levels and potentially influencing angiogenic regulation.

Keywords: BACH1; NRF2; TIE2/Tek; angiogenesis; neuroendothelium.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Endothelial Cells* / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Mice
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2* / genetics
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2* / metabolism
  • Receptor, TIE-2* / genetics
  • Receptor, TIE-2* / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction*

Substances

  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2
  • Receptor, TIE-2
  • Tek protein, mouse
  • Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
  • Nfe2l2 protein, mouse
  • Bach1 protein, mouse