Localized Outbreak of Macrolide-Resistant Pertussis in Infants, Japan, March-May 2025

Emerg Infect Dis. 2026 Jan;32(1):158-161. doi: 10.3201/eid3201.250824.

Abstract

A localized pertussis outbreak involving 10 unvaccinated infants occurred in Kumamoto, Japan, during March-May 2025. Nine infants were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, 6 of whom received a confirmed diagnosis of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis infection. This outbreak highlights the importance of booster vaccinations and resistance surveillance.

Keywords: Japan; antimicrobial resistance; bacteria; drug resistance; infants; macrolides; newborns; outbreak; pertussis.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Bordetella pertussis* / drug effects
  • Bordetella pertussis* / genetics
  • Disease Outbreaks*
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial*
  • Female
  • History, 21st Century
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Macrolides* / pharmacology
  • Macrolides* / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Whooping Cough* / epidemiology
  • Whooping Cough* / history
  • Whooping Cough* / microbiology

Substances

  • Macrolides
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents