Frequency and management of non-cardiac incidental findings on cardiac CT in patients with a suspected stroke

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac CT is increasingly used to screen for cardioembolism in stroke patients. We assessed the frequency and management of non-cardiac incidental findings on prospective ECG-gated cardiac CT in patients with a suspected stroke.

Patients and methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the Mind the Heart study, a prospective single-centre cohort study including consecutive adult patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or a stroke mimic who underwent cardiac CT as part of an acute stroke imaging protocol. Endpoints were pre-defined non-cardiac incidental findings that were detected on cardiac CT: pulmonary embolism (PE), potential malignant lesions, pulmonary consolidations or ground-glass densities, bone fractures, lymphadenopathy, focal liver lesions, and ascending aortic or pulmonary artery dilatation. Change of management was defined as additional treatment or follow-up.

Results: We included 654 patients (57% men, median age 71 [IQR 59-80] years) of whom 451 (69%) had AIS, 48 had TIA (7%), and 155 had a stroke mimic (24%). Overall, 58 non-cardiac incidental findings were found in 55 (8%; 95%CI, 6-11) patients. The most frequent incidental findings were consolidations or ground-glass densities (n = 17, 3%), liver cysts or non-specific hypodensities (n = 14, 2%), pulmonary nodules or masses (n = 9, 1%), and PEs (n = 8, 1%). Incidental findings led to a change of management in 17/55 (31%) patients of whom 13/55 (24%) had additional follow-up and 9/55 (16%) received treatment (anticoagulation n = 8, chemotherapy n = 1).

Discussion & conclusion: Non-cardiac incidental findings were observed on cardiac CT in 8% of patients with a suspected stroke. These findings changed management in 31% of these patients.

Keywords: acute ischaemic stroke; cardiac computed tomography; incidental findings; suspected stroke.