Preparation of Diplonemid Samples for Microscopy

Methods Mol Biol. 2026:3013:41-56. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-5142-1_3.

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive set of protocols for preparing diplonemid cells for a range of microscopy applications, including live-cell imaging, fixed-cell fluorescence microscopy, endocytosis assay, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). It presents detailed instructions for slide preparation, cell harvesting, chemical fixation, permeabilization, and fluorescent labelling, with critical steps highlighted throughout. These protocols are designed to be adaptable for different experimental goals, enabling researchers to obtain high-quality imaging data for exploring the cellular biology of diplonemids.

Keywords: Cell fixation; Cell permeabilization; Endocytosis assay; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Fluorescence microscopy; Fluorescence staining; Immunofluorescence assay; Live-cell imaging.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Endocytosis
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique / methods
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods
  • Microscopy* / methods
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence / methods