Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate salivary monoacetylated polyamines as noninvasive biomarkers for the detection and staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Design: Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 15), oral leukoplakia (OLK) patients (n = 15), and OSCC patients stratified into early (n = 28) and advanced stages (n = 46). Seven polyamines were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Diagnostic performance was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, logistic regression modeling, and multivariate clustering.
Results: N1-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine showed progressive elevation from OLK to advanced OSCC, with AUCs of 0.87 and 0.81, respectively. A two-marker logistic model achieved a cross-validated AUC of 0.85, demonstrating good discriminatory performance between malignant and non-malignant states. Multivariate analysis confirmed their contribution to disease stratification, while calibration plots supported model reliability.
Conclusions: Salivary N1-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine are promising biomarkers for noninvasive OSCC detection and staging.
Keywords: Early detection; LC-MS/MS; Metabolomics; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Polyamines; Salivary biomarkers.
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