The Management of Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders with Botulinum Toxin: A Narrative Review and Management Recommendations

Affiliations

• ¹ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. PMathew@BWH.Harvard.edu.
• ² Department of Neurology, Mass General Brigham Health, Foxboro, MA, USA. PMathew@BWH.Harvard.edu.
• ³ Department of Neurology, Atrius Health, Quincy, MA, USA. PMathew@BWH.Harvard.edu.
• ⁴ School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Brotman Facial Pain Clinic, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁵ Texas TMJ Sleep & Facial Pain, Southlake, TX, USA.
• ⁶ UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ⁷ Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine Clinic, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ⁹ Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
• ¹⁰ Head Pain Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
• ¹¹ Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
• ¹² Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Dental Medicine, Orofacial Pain/TMD Dental Sleep Medicine Section, Northwell Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
• ¹⁴ AT Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.
• ¹⁵ Arizona School for Dental and Oral Health, Mesa, AZ, USA.
• ¹⁶ Midwestern University Medical School, Glendale, AZ, USA.