Photosynthesis, the biological process of converting light energy into chemical energy, involves light harvesting, charge separation and electron transport, proton translocation, ATP synthesis, and carbon fixation, among other processes. Adjacent photosynthetic complexes may assemble into supramolecular complexes to couple and regulate their functions. Here, we review the progress of structural biology studies of photosynthetic supramolecular complexes, such as those that have light-harvesting complexes assembled with photosystem II (PSII) or photosystem I (PSI), both PSII and PSI, or bacterial reaction center complexes. The intricate architectures of the NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex and PSI-NDH supercomplex, revealed through cryo-electron microscopy studies, provide crucial frameworks for understanding the molecular mechanisms of cyclic electron flow in cyanobacteria and plants. Furthermore, structural studies have also yielded detailed insights into the assembly and repair of PSII, regulation of ATP synthase, and carbon fixation. The review concludes with a summary of the emerging directions of structural biology studies of photosynthetic supramolecular complexes.