Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) often use cardiovascular medications due to their increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the associations of baseline use of these drugs with survival and adverse events in MM patients initiating daratumumab, lenalidomide, or bortezomib combination treatments. Data from Phase III trials (CASTOR, MAIA, and POLLUX) were analysed, focusing on beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics, and statins. Cox proportional hazard analysis and logistic regression were used to assess associations with survival and grade ≥ 3 adverse events. Among 1804 patients, ACEI/ARBs were most common (31%), followed by beta-blockers (23%), statins (21%), calcium channel blockers (17%), and diuretics (16%). ACEI/ARBs was associated with better progression-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% CI] = 0.84 [0.71-0.99], P = 0.034) but also higher odds of grade ≥ 3 adverse events (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.45 [1.06-1.97], P = 0.019). Diuretics were similarly associated with grade ≥ 3 adverse events (aOR = 1.53 [1.01-2.34], P = 0.047). Other cardiovascular drugs showed no significant associations. While ACEI/ARBs may improve progression-free survival, they pose safety concerns. It is reassuring that other cardiovascular drugs were not significantly associated with MM treatment outcomes. Further research is essential to fully understand the implications of these medications.
Keywords: Adverse events; Cardiovascular drugs; Multiple myeloma; Overall survival; Progression-free survival; Treatment outcomes.
© 2026. The Author(s).